Emerging Trends in Large Language Models

The CCIS book constitutes selected papers of the 12th International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence, CSCI 2025, which took place in Las Vegas, NV, USA, during December 3–5, 2025.

The 38 full papers and 4 poster papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 389 submissions to the Research Track on Artificial Intelligence, CSCI-RTAI. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Learning Strategies - Transfer Learning and Reinforcement Learning; Artificial Intelligence - Applications of Graphs and Networks; Artificial Intelligence - Natural Language Processing & Large Language Models; Artificial Intelligence - Prediction and Forecasting Methods; Artificial Intelligence - Algorithms and Applications; and Poster Papers.

The CCIS book constitutes selected papers of the 12th International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence, CSCI 2025, which took place in Las Vegas, NV, USA, during December 3–5, 2025.

For this book, 24 papers from the Research Track on Artificial Intelligence, CSCI-RTAI, are included from 389 submissions. In addition, 9 papers out of 36 submissions from the Research Track on Computational Intelligence, CSCE-RTCI, are included, and 8 papers were selected from 78 submissions to the Research Track on Social Network Analysis, Social Media and Mining, CSCI-RTNA. 

The papers were organized in topical sections as follows: Artificial Intelligence - Deep Learning Methods, Industrial Applications, and Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence - Algorithms and Application; Computational Intelligence; and Social Network Analysis, Social Media and Mining.

The CCIS book constitutes selected papers of the 12th International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence, CSCI 2025, which took place in Las Vegas, NV, USA, during December 3–5, 2025.

A total of 43 papers was carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book from the following tracks: 4 papers from 142 submissions to the Research Track on Parallel & Distributed Computing, CSCI-RTPD; 20 papers from 154 submissions to the Research Track on Computational Science, CSCI-RTCS; 9 papers from 58 submissions to the Research Track on Internet of Things & Internet of Everything, CSCI-RTOT; and 10 papers from 120 submissions to the Research Track on Computational Biology, CSCI-RTCB.

The papers were organized in topical sections as follows: Parallel & Distributed Computing and Applications; Computational Science - Theories, Algorithms, and Applications; Internet of Things and Applications; Computational Biology; and Poster Papers.

The CCIS book constitutes selected papers of the 12th International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence, CSCI 2025, which took place in Las Vegas, NV, USA, during December 3–5, 2025.

The 30 papers and 2 poster papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from the following tracks: 24 papers have been selected from 169 submissions to the Research Track on Signal & Image Processing, Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition, CSCI-RTPC; 4 papers stems from 70 submissions to the Research Track on Cloud Computing and Data Centers, CSCI-RTCC; and 4 papers out of 52 submissions have been selected from the Research Track on Mobile Computing, Wireless Networks, & Security, CSCI-RTMC.

The papers have been organized in topical sections as follows: Imaging Science and Application- Detection Methods; Signal & Image Processing, Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, and Applications; Cloud Computing, Data Centers, and Related Issues; Mobile Computing, Wireless Networks, Security, and Applications; and Poster Papers.

The CCIS book constitutes selected papers of the 12th International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence, CSCI 2025, which took place in Las Vegas, NV, USA, during December 3–5, 2025.

The 31 papers and 1 poster paper were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book. They stem from the following tracks: 

5 papers were selected from a total of 48 submissions to the Research Track: Smart Cities and Smart Mobility, CSCI-RTSC; another 5 papers were selected from 46 submissions to the Research Track: Software Engineering, CSCI-RTSE; and 22 papers were selected from 52 submissions to the Research Track: Education, CSCI-RTED.

The papers were organized in topical sections as follows: Smart Cities and Smart Mobility; Software Engineering Research and Practice; Education - Mathematics; Education - Teaching and Learning Strategies, Curriculum Development, and Tools; and Poster Papers.

.- SECTION:  MILITARY AND DEFENSE MODELING AND SIMULATION
.- Classifying Seismic Events: A Machine Learning Approach to Identifying Earthquakes, Explosions and Other Rare Events.
.- Cost Estimation of DoD ACAT 1 Software Programs: Statistical Regression vs. Neural Networks.
.- Airfoil Selection Tool Development Using the Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining.
.- Solar Storm Effects on Quantum Communication Network Performance.
.- MADFACTs:A Meta-learning Augmented Defense Framework for Adversarial Cyber Techniques.
.- SECTION:  SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING AND UTILIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
.- A Hybrid Statistical-Machine Learning Framework for Assessing Structural Accuracy in Predicted Protein Models.
.- Machine Learning and Data Analysis Method for Predicting an Efficient Algorithm for Heterogeneous Multicore Scheduling.
.- Heart Valvular Disease Detection Using Image-based Time Series and Transfer Learning.
.- Zero-Shot Perception and Spatiotemporal Transformers for Automated Gait and Footpad Score Classification.
.- Causal Inference for Observational Studies: Deep Learning Approaches to Counterfactual Generative Modeling.
.- Preserving Medical Meaning Across Languages: A UMLS-Driven Approach with Small Language Models.
.- Evaluating Large Language Models for Explaining Insecure Code and Identifying Vulnerabilities in Java and Python.
.- AI-Sensing Neuromorphic Computing for Cybersecurity in Healthcare Data Lakes.
.- Academic Risk Prediction: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Approach Using Psychoeducational Variables.
.- SECTION:  QUANTUM COMPUTING, SECURITY, AND APPLICATIONS.
.- Lattice-Based Encryption in Building Post Quantum-Resistant Algorithms for Next-Generation Security.
.- Crypto-Agility in Post-Quantum Cybersecurity with AI-Driven Dynamic Key Management.
.- Quantum-Resilient Edge Computing Cryptography for Resource-Limited Medical IoT.
.- Quantum-Enhanced Intrusion Detection: A Novel Hybrid Approach Using Quantum Deep Learning.
.- SECTION: SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING, DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, OPTIMIZATION, NUMERICAL METHODS, AND APPLICATIONS.
.- Synchronous Blocking Data Transfer Over Wi-Fi Using Java Fork-Join Versus Virtual Threads and Structured Concurrency.
.- Example of Non-Linear Map with Non-Unique Transition to Dynamic Chaos.
.- Transmission Range Test for a LoRa-based in-situ Water Assessment System in the Vaal Region.
.- Representation of Multidimensional Chaotic Models with Closed-Form Invariant Distributions as Compositions of Symmetric Functions.
.- Comparative Analysis of Scheduling Algorithms Relative to O(n) Characteristics.
.- Parallel and Sequential Algorithms for Detecting Sparse Binary Squares with Three Ones.
.- Voltage Collapse Instability Prediction of Nigerian 330kV Transmission Network Using Predictive Optimizer and Arithmetic Moving Average Technique for Enhancement.
.- Evaluation of the Impact of Preprocessing and Selection of Characteristics on the Classification of Feelings.
.- Density of States of Triangular Antiferromagnetic Ising Models of Finite Size.
.- Language Foundations for HPC Array Structures.
.- Design and Analysis of Recursive Algorithms - A Modern Perspective.
.- Counting Nonisomorphic Magic Venn Diagrams.
.- Enhanced Pneumonia Detection in Chest X-rays via KPCA and Multi-Kernel SVM.
.- Network-Scale Fault Tolerant Computing - A von Neumann Multiprocessor Architecture.
.- Investigating the Use of Quantum Computing and Quantum Machine Learning in Speech Recognition Systems: A Comprehensive Survey of Recent Advancements.
.- SECTION:  POSTER RESEARCH PAPERS
.- High Performance Algorithms for Network Routing using In-Memory Computing

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Frontiers in Education, FECS 2025, and the 24th International Conference on e-Learning, e-Business, Enterprise Information Systems, and e-Government, EEE 2025, the 29th International Conference on Image Processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, IPCV 2025. They were held as part of the 2025 World Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, and Applied Computing, CSCE 2025, which took place in Las Vegas, NV, USA, during July 21-24, 2025.

The FECS 2025 Conference received a total of 170 submissions, of which 35 papers were accepted. The EEE 2025 Conference received 87 submissions, of which 21 papers were accepted. The IPCV 2025 Conference received a total of 167 submissions, of which 38 papers were accepted. This volume includes 45 of the accepted papers from FECS 2025, EEE 2025, and IPCV 2025.

The papers were organized in topical sections as follows: Education, Learning Strategies, Programming Languages, and Case Studies; Teaching Strategies, Teaching Tools, and Academic Assessment; Utlilzation of Artificial Intelligence, Data Analytics, and Large Language Models in Education; 24th International Conference on e-Learning, e-Business, Enterprise Information Systems and e-Government, EEE 2025; Imaging Science, Computer Vision, Artificial Intelligence, and CNN; Image Processing, Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, and Novel Applications; and Short/Poster Research Papers.