Itsuo Takanami

Recently, high-speed and high-quality technologies for processing many kinds of information have become essential and will become more and more necessary in the future. For such needs, parallel computer systems composed of many processing elements (PEs) are used and it is important to make high reliable systems which is called "fault-tolerant computer systems". As VLSI technology has developed, the realization of parallel computer systems using multi-chip module (MCM) or wafer scale integration (WSI) has been considered so as to enhance the speed of the computers, decrease energy consumption and sizes, and so on. In such a realization, entire or significant parts of PEs and connections among them are connected or implemented on a board or wafer. Therefore, the reliability and/or yield of the system may become drastically low if there is no strategy for coping with faults or defects. In realizing such systems as well as parallel computer systems, in order to restore the correct computation capabilities of the systems...